Shakespearean Comedy Vs. Tragedy - 1777 Words

Sage Morrison Mrs. Moses English IV 29 October 2014 Shakespearean Comedy vs. Tragedy Some people tend to think that William Shakespeare was some famous writer that was only capable of spitting out sad love stories. This is widely disproved through the reading of multiple Shakespearean works. During his life, Shakespeare used a plethora of writing formulas and plot outlines to produce many works of literature of many genres, such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream, a popular comedy, and The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, one of his most famous tragedies, as opposed to just creating sappy stories of deadly romance. The simple, skeletal outline that William Shakespeare tended to use to create his witty comedies is a bit of trouble that is overcome by the protagonist in order to achieve a happy ending to the story. His comedies were often filled with witty remarks and puns which make the intelligent text entertaining as well as remarkably serious. The Shakespearean comedy is much different from today’s comedy in many ways. Today, comedy revolves around toilet humor and people doing stupid stunts, and it seems rather childish compared to the poetic prowess of William Shakespeare, who used comedy as a mood lifter and tone lightener in an otherwise serious story. Although it is not true that Shakespeare composed love stories which seem a bit similar and very clichà ©, he did base many of his stories around love and its everlasting ability to triumph over hate, even in his comedies.Show MoreRelatedTragic Hero in Othello by William Shakespeare1306 Words   |  6 Pagesknow for certain because of the inexact documentation at the time the plays were first being organized and published† (para. 1). This meant that many of his plays might had been lost or forgotten. Of the thirty-seven plays he wrote ten tragedies, seventeen comedies, and ten histories. William followed these genres to the end; however, he did not follow the classical models. These innovations made it harder for the types of genre to be recogn ized because they all started to blur together. As an audienceRead MoreJerusalem2091 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Throughout comedy the emphasis is on human limitations rather than on human greatness† (John Morreal Comedy Tragedy and Religion). To what extent does Jez Butterworth focus on human weakness and ineptitude in his play ‘Jerusalem’? Jez Butterworth’s ‘Jerusalem’ creates a comic vision focusing on the ambiguities, turmoil and hypocrisies of the society presented on stage. Butterworth focuses on the characters’ degeneracies in which the form of humour tends to be the exposure of their unruly behaviourRead More Measure for Measure Essay: The Virtuous Vanity of Isabella1495 Words   |  6 PagesMeasure for Measure, puts the problem in problem play as it, examines the difference between law and justice, virtue and goodness. Its a case study of abuse of power that has a particularly contemporary resonance.   Isabella is a very intriguing Shakespearean female. She is one of the few intelligent females who are also innocent and holy. Measure for Measure focuses primarily on her moral dilemma. Does she save her brother and give up her valued chastity or does she save her own soul while allowingRead MoreLove and Desdemona2800 Words   |  12 Pagesthe main character Othello is unable to trus t his new bride Desdemona. In act one, scene three, Desdem the all the actsOthello, the central character of William Shakespeares play is an excellent leader but a poor reasoner and foolish lover. The tragedy of `Othello is largely due to Othellos personality and life experience. Othello believes himself to be loved and respected by everyone around him as most people refer to him as the noble General Othello. Othello, after realizing his tragic mistakeRead More William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay5388 Words   |  22 Pageseducation. Both started out as poets but shortly turned to other narrative forms, Faulkner to fiction and Shakespeare to drama. Both had extramarital affairs that were reflected in some of their writings. Each wrote both tragedies and comedies, and in each case their final work was a comedy, Shakespeare’s The Tempest and Faulkner’s The Reivers. A number of dominant themes and emphases are common to both writers, including the imaginative u se of historical materials, the incorporation of both tragic andRead MoreHow I Read Literature Like A Professor Notes3177 Words   |  13 Pagesthat proves as deadly as disease o Self-destruction o Clash between adult wisdom and child recklessness †¢ Human struggles o Protect family o Maintain dignity o Remain faithful o Return home †¢ Types of conflict- o Man vs. nature o Man vs. supernatural o Man vs. man o Man vs. self o Man vs. society Chapter 10- Setting and Weather †¢ Weather is never just weather †¢ Establishes mood and foreshadowing †¢ Rain is used as a plot device †¢ Atmospherics- rain is mysterious †¢ Rain can also be cleansing and bringRead MoreMichael Gows Away3204 Words   |  13 Pagesno fear about what lies ahead. Significance = teaches them not to grieve, to accept fate that lies ahead. In order to go on living, you must first let go of the past. (relevance to TOM GWEN CORAL) Coral - links the play with the Shakespearean world of distortion, tragedy and lost hopes. - Has difficulty coping with reality - Was scared of the future, as it means living on without her son (which is in the past) - She learns that she must move on with her life and accept the past, as it would be whatRead MoreEssay on Abstinence and Orgy in Measure for Measure2586 Words   |  11 Pages(473). And Thomas Taylor’s Christs Combate and Conquest notes that God may tempt us by sending afflictions, by pronouncing a speciall commandement, or by occasioning objects—lures. These divinely-ordained temptations occur for a proofe what is in vs, and a tryall what we doe (69). It is the divine prerogative to assay humanity, and the human duty to obey God. One who assumes this prerogative to test another’s character by occasioning temptation—who experiments with others while pretendingRead MoreIndependent Film Industries Reinforce The Global Construction Of The Hybrid Genre3665 Words   |  15 Pageseven audience consumption. Each country changes conventions of particular genres to their own social climate. This Saussurian[2] idea, that meaning of one thing can change by its surrounding text, can be identified within the Romantic Comedy genre. In British RomComs such as Jack and Sarah a grainy filter is used on the camera to add a gritty realism and lead characters are often faulted and possibly not as beautiful as their Hollywood counterparts in, say, Jerry MaguireRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.............................................................................. 299 CHAPTER 10 Deductive Reasoning .......................................................................................... 312 x Implying with Certainty vs. with Probability ................................................................................ 312 Distinguishing Deduction from Induction ..................................................................................... 319 Review of Major

Midsummer Night’s Dream Analysis Free Essays

Illusions A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay Is it a dream or reality? The connection between the real world and a world created by our own vivid imagination while we sleep is somewhat uncanny. A plethora of individuals cannot fathom how the brain can create such realistic scenarios in such little time. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare, the author uses his knowledge of dreams to create his play. We will write a custom essay sample on Midsummer Night’s Dream Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now A Midsummer Night’s Dream is not only the title of this play but the overall theme as well. In the story dreams bring many changes within the plot. Dreams change the opinion of characters and open their eyes to a different reality. A large connection between dreaming and theater is made at the end of the play in Puck’s famous final speech. Midsummer also plays a large role in the theme of this play as well. We will discuss all of these topics within the next few paragraphs. â€Å"Like dreams, love is foolish, crazy and driven by desires. † Says an article called The Meaning of the Title in  A Midsummer Night’s Dream  by Shakespeare. The relationship between the four lovers, Hermia, Helena, Lysander, and Demetrius is based on their dreams and desires. When Hermia had a nightmare depicting a snake eating her heart, â€Å"Methought a serpent ate my heart away,/And you sat smiling at his cruel  play† (pg. 64-65) it foreshadowed Lysander’s newfound love for Helena which was only temporary. Lysander was casted into a figurative dream as Puck placed the love petals upon Lysander’s sleeping eyes. When Lysander awoke and Helena was the first one he saw, Lysander began to long for her and fall in love with her. This is important to the plotline because it shows what a dream can do to a person. It also helps build Puck’s character as a careless trickster. Although Helena believes Lysander’s attempts to win her heart as merely a cruel joke the reader understands Lysander is trapped in a dream. Puck then with instruction from Oberon, the King of the Faeries places the love petals in the eyes of the sleeping Demetrius to let him fall deeply in love with Helena who loves him. At the same time Puck is instructed to put these petals into Titania’s, the Queen of the Faeries eyes so that she may hopefully fall in love with an â€Å"ounce, or cat, or bear† (pg. 55). This is so that Oberon can take the Indian boy away from Titania and use him as a servant. This will solve their marital problems and bring balance back to the mortal world. Titania falls in love with Bottom, of whom which was ironically transformed by the all magical Puck into an ass. â€Å"O Bottom, thou art changed! What do I see on thee? †(pg. 75) This shows the illusions of dreams and love. Titania was in love with what she thought to be the most majestic and absolutely wonderful mortal she had ever laid eyes upon while in reality the creature she fell in love with was an ass. This also shows irony connecting the stubborn personality of Bottom and what he was transformed into. The relevance of Midsummer in the theme of the play is that many things grow in the summer, thrive. It’s a wonderful time and usually what people think of when they think of love. It is the season for life and growth as winter is for death. The nice weather drives people out of their homes and into the open outdoors. This is appropriate because people like Lysander and Hermia wouldn’t normally in winter be traveling through the woods and stop to rest. It would be too cold. The setting also portrays a summer atmosphere. It also believed that the faeries come out to trick passing travelers in the nights of midsummer. They are known to play jokes on them and to get enjoyment out of mortals. This is probably why Oberon is so interested in Helena’s despair. He must feel sorry as well as want to have a little fun with the mortals. He then instructs Puck to fix her love problem. Puck, the trickster faery is very active during this time. He plays tricks on almost everyone in the play, finding enjoyment in transforming Bottom into an ass and making Titania fall in love with him. This play is based upon love, tricks, comedy, and dreams so the faeries coming out during this time was important to the main plot and in agreement with the legend of faeries coming out during midsummer nights. Lastly Puck’s final speech shows the connection between dreaming and theatre by stating â€Å"While these visions did appear. /And this weak an idle theme,/No more yielding but a dream†(pg. 172-173). This shows us that dreams happen in order to weave the importance of the main theme of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Without the illusion that clouded Titania’s eyes she might not have fallen so deeply in love with Bottom, the ass. During the practice of the play Pyarmus and Thisbe Snout wouldn’t have noticed that Bottom had been transformed. Without the illusion of the love petals of the pansy flower Lysander might have seen through the weak shade of fake love for Helena. He would have realized his heart belonged to Hermia. Demetrius may have never moved on and loved Helena. The ending during Puck’s speech really ties together the whole play and helps us come to the conclusion that dreams were necessary for the plot and theme of the play. Puck wants us to feel as if it was all a pleasant dream, but at the same time he wants us to remember everything that happened, good and bad and learn from it. Nothing in this play is quite what it seems so it is ironic at the end to be trusting Puck who is such a tricky character. What we take from his final speech is to enjoy the happy ending and always be wary of dreams. Dreams and reality coexist in our lives as much as they do in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. We understand the theme of this play more closely if we examine key points that support the theme and title as one. Illusions and reality, Puck’s final speech, and the relevance of midsummer help us connect the title and theme. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare, the author uses his knowledge of dreams to create his play. A Midsummer Night’s Dream is not only the title of this play but the overall theme as well. As â€Å"honest Puck† (pg. 173) says before he departs â€Å"So good night unto you all. † (pg. 173) Bibliography â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Analysis of Lines 5-20 of the Epilogue. †Ã‚  Article Myriad. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. articlemyriad. com/midsummer-nights-dream-analysis/;. â€Å"The Meaning of the Title in A Midsummer Night’s Dream by Shakespeare – Yahoo! Voices – voices. yahoo. com. †Ã‚  Yahoo! Voices – voices. yahoo. com. N. p. , 10 July 2005. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. ;http://voices. yahoo. com/the-meaning-title-midsummer-nights-dream-6294754. html;. Shakespeare, William. A midsummer night’s dream. Washington Square Press new Folger’s ed. New York: Washington Square Press, 1993. Print. How to cite Midsummer Night’s Dream Analysis, Papers

Reviewer in English Essay Sample free essay sample

In order to strike hard the verbal subdivision of your standardised trial or even the reading part of your trial in school right out of the ballpark. you need to cognize what an illation is. foremost. An illation is an premise made based on specific grounds. We make illations all the clip in existent life. For case. your girlfriend might state to you. â€Å"Nice hair. † and you could do the illation that she is being ill-mannered because she was simpering when she said it. In life. it’s reasonably easy to deduce the implied significance – the significance non stated straight – because you can utilize context hints like organic structure linguistic communication. tone. and gestures to assist you acquire the existent significance. Inferences In Real Life Inferences aren’t wicked devices crafted by reading instructors to do your life suffering. All kinds of people use illations in both their daily and professional lives all the clip. Doctors make illations when they diagnose conditions. They take a peep at X-rays. MRIs. observations and communicating with the patient for grounds that will take them to a diagnosing. Crime scene research workers make illations when they follow hints like fingerprints. Deoxyribonucleic acid. and footmarks to happen out how and when the offense was committed. Mechanicss make illations when they run nosologies. tinker around in the engine. and chat with you about how your auto is moving to calculate out what’s incorrect under the goon. Likewise. you infer things all the clip. If person stares angrily at you from the rearview mirror and mimics shouting when you’re stopped behind them at a ruddy visible radiation. you might come to the decision that you’ve offended him or her while driving in some manner. If a adult female is forcing a covered saunterer down the street. you’d likely infer that there’s a babe in the saunterer. Inferences and Thinking Although an illation is a conjecture. it’s an educated one. It’s based on grounds and support merely. If you’re inferencing right. you will merely be able to come to merely a few possible decisions based on the support. and from at that place. you’ll have to take the most likely. For case. in the instances above. the individual gazing at you angrily in the auto may merely be insane. You may non hold done anything to anger him or her. Or. he or she could be shouting at person in the backseat whom you missed in your first observation. The adult female forcing the saunterer could be wheeling around an old Canis familiaris. Or. she could be forcing an empty saunterer in order to throw her shopping bags in there alternatively of transporting them. It’s up to you to find. nevertheless. what is the most likely illation and travel with it based on all the back uping inside informations and your ain logic. Making an Inference on a Trial The authors of reading comprehension trials love to inquire illation inquiries. If you’re taking a reading trial. you will cognize you’ll demand to pattern your inferencing accomplishments when you see a inquiry like one of these: * â€Å"According to the transition. we can reasonably infer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  * â€Å"Based on the transition. it could be suggested that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ * â€Å"Which of the undermentioned statements is best supported by the transition? † * â€Å"The transition suggests that this primary problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ An illation inquiry will frequently utilize the words â€Å"suggest† or â€Å"infer† right in the ticket. And since you’re educated about what an illation is and what it is NOT. you’ll understand that you’re to come to a decision based on the grounds or support presented in the transition. Measure 1: Identify an Inference Question First. you’ll demand to find whether or non you’re really being asked to do an illation on a reading trial. The most obvious inquiries will hold the words â€Å"suggest. † â€Å"imply† or â€Å"infer† right in the ticket like these: * â€Å"According to the transition. we can reasonably infer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  * â€Å"Based on the transition. it could be suggested that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ * â€Å"Which of the undermentioned statements is best supported by the transition? † * â€Å"The transition suggests that this primary problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ * â€Å"The writer seems to connote that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Some inquiries. nevertheless. will non come right out and inquire you to deduce. You’ll have to really deduce that you need to do an illation about the transition. Sneaky. huh? Here are a few that require inferencing accomplishments. but don’t usage those words precisely. * â€Å"With which of the undermentioned statements would the writer most likely agree? † * â€Å"Which of the undermentioned sentences would the writer most likely usage to add extra support to paragraph three? † Measure 2: Trust the Passage Now that you’re certain you have an illation inquiry on your custodies. and you know precisely what an illation is. you’ll need to allow travel of your biass and anterior cognition and utilize the transition to turn out that the illation you select is the right 1. Inferences on a multiple-choice test are different from those in existent life. Out in the existent universe. if you make an educated conjecture. your illation could still be wrong. But on a multiple-choice test. your illation will be right because you’ll use the inside informations in the transition to turn out it. You have to swear that the transition offers you the truth in the scene of the trial. and that one of the reply picks provided is right without stepping excessively far outside the kingdom of the transition. Measure 3: Hunt for Clues Your 3rd measure is to get down runing for hints – back uping inside informations. vocabulary. character’s actions. descriptions. duologue. and more – to turn out one of the illations listed below the inquiry. Take this inquiry. for illustration: Based on the information in the transition. it could be suggested that the storyteller believes Elsa’s prior marriages to be: A. uncomfortable. but well-suited to ElsaB. satisfactory and dull to ElsaC. cold and damaging to ElsaD. atrocious. but worth it to ElsaThe widow Elsa was as complete a contrast to her 3rd bridegroom. in everything but age. as can be conceived. Compelled to release her first matrimony after her hubby died in the war. she married a adult male twice her old ages to whom she became an model married woman despite their holding nil in common. and by whose decease she was left in ownership of a glorious luck. though she gave it off to the church. Next. a southern gentleman. well younger than herself. succeeded to her manus. and carried her to Charleston. where. after many uncomfortable old ages. she found herself once more a widow. It would hold been singular if any feeling had survived through such a life as Elsa’s ; it could non but be crushed and killed by the early letdown of her first groom’s death. the icy responsibility of her 2nd matrimony. and the unkindness of her 3rd hubby. which had necessarily driven her to link the thought of his decease with that of her comfort. To happen hints that point to the right reply. expression for descriptions that would back up those first adjectives in the reply picks. Here are some of the descriptions of her matrimonies in the transition: * â€Å"†¦she became an model married woman despite their holding nil in common†¦Ã¢â‚¬  * â€Å"†¦after many uncomfortable old ages. she found herself once more a widow. † * â€Å"†¦the icy responsibility of her 2nd matrimony and the unkindness of her 3rd hubby which had necessarily driven her to link the thought of his decease with that of her comfort. † Measure 4: Narrow Down the Ch oices The last measure to doing a right illation on a multiple-choice trial is to contract down the reply picks. Using the hints from the transition. we can deduce that nil much was â€Å"satisfactory† to Elsa about her matrimonies. which gets rid of Choice B. Choice A is besides wrong. because although the matrimonies surely seem uncomfortable based on the hints. they were non well-suited to her as she had nil in common with her 2nd hubby and wanted her 3rd hubby to decease. Choice D is besides wrong. because nil is stated or implied in the transition to turn out that Elsa believed her matrimonies to be deserving it in some manner ; in fact. we can deduce that it wasn’tworth it to her at all because she gave off the money from her 2nd hubby. So. we have to believe that Choice C is the best – the matrimonies were cold and damaging. The transition states explicitly that her matrimony was an â€Å"icy duty† and her 3rd hubby was â€Å"unkind. † We besides k now that they were damaging because her feelings had been â€Å"crushed and killed† by her matrimonies. â€Å"Determining the author’s intent in composing the selection† Why You Need to Know Author’s Purpose Most standardised trials have a reading comprehension subdivision. and in most of those. you’ll be called upon to reply inquiries about the author’s intent. along with other constructs like chief thought. vocabulary in context. illations and more. If you have no thought what author’s intent agencies you’re traveling to hold a difficult clip happening it. huh? Author’s Purpose Practice Author’s Purpose BasicssThe author’s intent is fundamentally the ground he or she chose to move in a peculiar manner. whether that’s composing the transition. choosing a phrase. utilizing a word. etc. It differs from the chief thought in that author’s purpose non the point you’re supposed to acquire ; it’s the why behind the writer picked up a pen or selected those words in the first topographic point. If you’re seeking to find the author’s intent on a standardised trial. your inquiry may look something like this: 1. The writer most likely references the Depression in lines 33 – 34 to: A. place the primary intent for Social Security. B. knock FDR’s acceptance of a plan that would run out of money. C. contrast the effectivity of the Social Security Program with that of household attention. D. list another factor that contributed to the demand for the Social Security Program. Author’s Purpose Key Words There are a few cardinal words associated with the author’s intent. If you can get the hang these bad male childs. so you’ll have a much easier clip replying those reading comprehension inquiries on your following standardised trial. largely because these cardinal words are frequently used in those inquiries! Bonus! * Compare: Writer wanted to demo similarities between thoughts * Contrast: Writer wanted to demo differences between thoughts * Criticize: Writer wanted to give a negative sentiment of an thought * Describe/Illustrate: Writer wanted to paint a image of an thought * Explain: Writer wanted to interrupt down an thought into simpler footings * Identify/List: Writer wanted to state the reader about an thought or series of thoughts * Intensify: Writer wanted to do an thought greater * Suggest: Writer wanted to suggest an thoughtHow to Find the Author’s PurposeKnowing what author’s purpose inquiries look like is one thing. Finding it is rather another! On a standardised trial. you’ll have answer picks to assist you calculate it out. but distractor inquiries will frequently confound you. On a short reply trial. you’ll have nil but your ain encephalon to calculate it out. and sometimes it isn’t as easy at it seems. Author’s Purpose Practice Expression For Clue Words To Find Author’s PurposeCalculating out why an writer wrote a peculiar transition can be as easy ( or as hard ) as looking at hints inside the transition. I’ve mentioned in the â€Å"What is the Author’s Purpose† article several different grounds an writer would hold to compose a transition of text. and what those grounds mean. Below. you’ll find those grounds. with the hint words associated with them. * Compare: Writer wanted to demo similarities between thoughts Clue Wordss: both. likewise. in the same manner. like. merely as * Contrast: Writer wanted to demo differences between thoughts Clue Wordss: nevertheless. but. dissimilarly. on the other manus * Criticize: Writer wanted to give a negative sentiment of an thought Clue Words: Expression for words that show the author’s negative sentiment. Judgment words like â€Å"bad† . wasteful and â€Å"poor† all demonstrate negative sentiments. * Describe/Illustrate: Writer wanted to paint a image of an thought Clue Words: Expression for words that provide descriptive item. Adjectives like â€Å"red† . â€Å"lusty† . â€Å"morose† . â€Å"striped† . â€Å"sparkling† . and â€Å"crestfallen† are all exemplifying. * Explain: Writer wanted to interrupt down an thought into simpler footings Clue Wordss: Look for words that turn a complicated procedure into simple linguistic communication. A â€Å"descriptive† text will utilize more adjectives. An â€Å"explanatory† text will normally be used with a complicated thought. * Identify/List: Writer wanted to state the reader about an thought or series of thoughts Clue Wor dss: Text that identifies or lists. will call an thought or series of thoughts without supplying much description or sentiment. * Intensify: Writer wanted to do an thought greater Clue Wordss: Text that intensifies will add more specific inside informations to the thought. Look for greatest adjectives and â€Å"bigger† constructs. A babe unhappily shouting is descriptive. but a babe mournfully ululating red-cheeked for 30 proceedingss is more intense. * Suggest: Writer wanted to suggest an thought Clue Wordss: â€Å"Suggest† replies are normally positive sentiments. and seek to rock the reader to believe. The writer will supply a point. so usage inside informations to turn out it. Underscore The Clue WordsIt helps to utilize that pencil in your manus when you’re reading if you’re unsure what the author’s intent is. As you read. underscore the hint words in the text to assist you acquire a better thought. Then. either compose a sentence utilizing the cardinal words ( comparison. explain. illustrate ) to demo why the writer wrote the piece or choose the best reply from the picks given. â€Å"Paraphrasing Lines/Passages†Paraphrasing is the act of utilizing your ain words to depict something you’ve read. You can pattern paraphrasing by reading a few paragraphs from any book. and so sum uping a subdivision at a clip in your ain words. You may happen it hard to rephrase at foremost. If so. you should get down by crafting an lineation of the major points. You can so make full in the back uping information â€Å"between the lines† of the lineation. Why Should You Paraphrase? You must be able to rephrase efficaciously when composing a research paper. to avoid plagiarism. When you conduct research for a term paper. you collect information from several different beginnings. and synthesise the information into a individual essay. You can utilize citation Markss and a commendation to cite certain transitions word for word–but you have to cite others meagerly. It is much better to synthesise the information into a transition that contains your ain words. You paraphrase when you restate the thoughts you pick up from a beginning. It is a good thought to read a beginning with a note card and a pen Handy. Read over your beginning in little sections and take notes as you read. This manner you can take attention to avoid reiterating the information word for word. As you write your ain essay. utilize the notes you’ve written to synthesise the beginning stuff. But retrieve that you still necessitate to mention the source–even though you have parap hrased! What is Paraphrasing? Paraphrasing is a restatement of the citation utilizing your ain words. When you paraphrase. you don’t rely on the words of the writer of the citation to make an impact on your readers’ heads. You use your ain words. Should one Always Paraphrase? The reply is no. Your nonsubjective as a author or talker of a citation is to do an impact. Measure both picks – paraphrasis and direct quotation mark. Normally. rephrasing makes more sense if: * the citation is long and wordy * the words in the citation are non powerful* the beginning of the citation is unknown or doubtful* you are capable of doing a good paraphrasis without doing it seem like plagiarism. Here is an Effective Method of Paraphrasing a Citation: * Carefully read the original citation and do certain to understand its cardinal subject. * Note down anything that grabs your attending. If you feel that some component ( word. phrase. thought ) contributes to the cardinal subject of the citation. do a note of it. * Write a paraphrasis in your ain words. Meticulously avoid utilizing the original words. phrases. and look. At the same clip. do certain that your words convey the same cardinal subject. * If you need to utilize an interesting word or phrase from the original text. use citation Markss to bespeak that it is non your ain. * Cite the writer. the beginning. and the day of the month given in the text to recognition the proprietor of the citation. Remember: Though the words of the paraphrasis are your ain. the idea behind it isn’t. To non advert the author’s name is plagiarism. What is a Bad Paraphrase?A bad paraphrasis is one in which you merely replace certain words with their equivalent word. while keeping the construction of the original citation. To compose a good paraphrasis. borrow merely the thought conveyed by the writer. Express the sentiment in your ain words. in your ain manner. How does a Paraphrase Differ from a Summary? To the untrained oculus. a paraphrasis and a sum-up may look likewise. However. * A sum-up is an abridged version of the original text.* A paraphrasis can be shorter or longer than the original text. * A drumhead eliminates inside informations. illustrations. and back uping points. * A paraphrasis describes the original text in different words. It does non exclude inside informations. Paraphrasing SentencesHere are some sentences that have been paraphrased:* Original: Her life spanned old ages of unbelievable alteration for adult females. * Paraphrase: Mary lived through an epoch of emancipating reform for adult females.* Original: Giraffes like Acacia foliages and hay and they can devour 75 lbs of nutrient a twenty-four hours. * Paraphrase: A camelopard can eat up to 75 lbs of Acacia foliages and hay every twenty-four hours. * Original: Any trip to Italy should include a visit to Tuscany to try their keen vinos. * Paraphrase: Be certain to include a Tuscan wine-tasting experience when sing Italy. â€Å"Deducing the significance of idiomatic expression†An idiomatic look is an look whose significance can non be translated literally from one linguistic communication into another. Native talkers of English are able to infer the nonliteral significance of the look â€Å"It’s raining cats and Canis familiariss. † For non-native talkers of English. this look can be perplexing. if non downright chilling! In order to understand the look and others like it. a individual must develop an apprehension of the civilization in which it is used. Parlances exist in every linguistic communication. An parlance is a word or phrase that is non taken literally. like â€Å"bought the farm† has nil to make with buying existent estate. but refers to deceasing. Idiom besides refers to a idiom or slang of a group of people. either in a certain part or a group with common involvements. like in scientific discipline. music. art. or concern. Common Idioms Some parlances are used by most people that speak English ; others are used by a more choice group. Common idioms that refer to people include:* A bit on your shoulder – means you think you know a batch * High as a kite – means you are intoxicated or on drugs* Sick as a Canis familiaris – means you are really sickParlances that refer to your actions would be:* Rub person the incorrect manner – significance to rag or trouble oneself* Jump the gun – would intend to be making something early* Pay the piper – means you need to confront the effects of your actions Some parlances use colour words to convey other significances. For illustration. there are several that use the word â€Å"blue: † * â€Å"The blues† can mention to both a manner of music and feeling sad. * If something occurs seldom. it is said to go on â€Å"once in a bluish moon† . because a bluish Moon is two full Moons in one month. which doesn’t happen f requently. * â€Å"Out of the blue† means something happens that was unexpected. Learning a Language with Idioms Because of parlances. larning a linguistic communication can be complicated. After you can conjugate verbs. and cognize a batch of words. you may still hold trouble talking the linguistic communication with native users. This is partially due to the usage of parlances and would besides depend of which part of a state you were in. Idiom use is non merely regional. but besides varies harmonizing to people’s involvements and societal groups. The best manner to pick up on the significance of certain parlances would be to discourse with people and inquire them for a elucidation of the parlance if you are non clear about the parlance they used. There are besides sites on the Internet which will assist explicate the significance of parlances. Idioms Around the Globe There are certain things that happen in every civilization and there are parlances to cover with them. * In Norse and Czech. â€Å"walking around hot porridge† refers to crushing around the shrub. which is besides an parlance significance non acquiring to the point. * If you are in Italy or Turkey and you say you are â€Å"as hungry as a wolf† so you are hungering. If it is raining in big sums. most civilizations have an interesting manner of stating that: * In English. it would be â€Å"raining cats and dogs† * In Africa. they might state â€Å"it’s raining old adult females with clubs† * Many languages refer to heavy rain as coming in pails or as rain coming out of a pail. * In Norway they say â€Å"it’s raining female trolls† * The Irish say â€Å"it’s throwing cobblers knives†Comparing parlances between states can besides be interesting:* In Finnish. â€Å"with long teeth† means you are making something that you truly don’t privation to make * In French. â€Å"to have long teeth† means you are ambitious. The key to understanding the local parlances is to listen carefully and to inquire inquiries of local talkers. Parlances In the Humanistic disciplines There are many parlances in the field of music.* If you â€Å"fine tune† something. you make little betterments to it. * â€Å"Changing your tune† means altering your head.* If you are â€Å"whistling Dixie† or â€Å"whistling in the dark† you are excessively positive about something. * If you try and do a determination excessively early without cognizing all the facts. people may state you that â€Å"it’s non over ‘till the fat lady sings. † Drama and dance have parlances. excessively. like: * â€Å"Break a leg† means good fortune.* If you are a â€Å"ham† you overact.* If you say. â€Å"it takes two to tango† you mean that more than one individual is at mistake or involved. * If you â€Å"tap dance† your manner out of a gluey state of affairs. so that implies that you get out of it in a cagey manner. * Being â€Å"in the spotlight† means you are the centre of attending. Remember. a group of people with shared involvements such as the humanistic disciplines or concern will hold their ain parlances. As with all parlances it will be easier to understand the parlances if you concentrate on what are being said and ask inquiries about the significances of the parlances. go forth out in the cold — exclude by skipset all my eggs in one basket — over-specialize. put excessively much trust on one beginning have other fish to fry — other things to make. other involvements to prosecute sell like pancakes — truly â€Å"go over† in a large manner blow one’s have horn — crow. self-praisebe in the spotlight — get tonss of attendingrob Peter to pay Paul — utilize your rent money to do a auto payment a broken reed — person you can non tilt on ( depend upon )go forth no rock unturned — hunt everyplacesit difficult and set away wet — exhausted and disheveledso hungry I could eat a Equus caballus — really hungryrich as Croesus — really affluentevery bit old as soil — really oldwear one’s bosom on one’s arm — show one’s emotions obviously look at the universe through rose coloured spectacless — be overly-optimistic and swearing near the door on it ; put paid to it — finish with something ( or person ) she’s a basket instance — she’s wholly devastated put the bite on me — asked me for moneywelting a dead Equus caballus — prosecuting a lost causewhen all is said and done — at the terminalin the concluding analysis — at the terminal. after all â€Å"Identifying Cohesive Devices† A cardinal quality of an effectual paragraph is unity. A incorporate paragraph sticks to one subject from start to complete. with every sentence lending to the cardinal intent and chief thought of that paragraph. But a strong paragraph is more than merely a aggregation of loose sentences. Those sentences need to be clearly connected so that readers can follow along. acknowledging how one item leads to the following. A paragraph with clearly connected sentences is said to be cohesive. The undermentioned paragraph is unified and cohesive. Notice how the italicized words and phrases ( called passages ) guide us along. assisting us see how one item leads to the following. Why I Don’t Make My Bed Ever since I moved into my ain flat last autumn. I have gotten out of the wont of doing my bed–except on Fridays. of class. when I change the sheets. Although some people may believe that I am a sloven. I have some sound grounds for interrupting the bed-making wont. In the first topographic point. I am non concerned about keeping a tidy sleeping room because no 1 except me of all time ventures in at that place. If there is of all time a fire review or a surprise day of the month. I suppose I can dart in at that place to botch up the pillow and smack on a spread. Otherwise. I am non bothered. In add-on. I find nil uncomfortable about creeping into a disheveled mass of sheets and covers. On the contrary. I enjoy jabing out a cosy infinite for myself before floating off to kip. Besides. I think that a tightly made bed is downright uncomfortable: come ining one makes me experience like a loaf of staff of life being wrapped and sealed. Finally. and most significantly. I think bed-making is an atrocious manner to blow clip in the forenoon. I would instead pass those cherished proceedingss look intoing my electronic mail or feeding the cat than inserting in corners or snarling the spread. Transitional words and phrases guide readers from one sentence to the following. Although they most frequently appear at the beginning of a sentence. they may besides demo up after the topic. Here are the common transitional looks. grouped harmonizing to the type of relationship shown by each. 1. Addition Passages andbesidesbesidesforemost. 2nd. 3rdin add-onin the first topographic point. in the 2nd topographic point. in the 3rd topographic pointmoreovermoreoverto get down with. following. eventually ExampleIn the first topographic point. no â€Å"burning† in the sense of burning. as in the combustion of wood. occurs in a vent ; furthermore. vents are non needfully mountains ; moreover. the activity takes topographic point non ever at the acme but more normally on the sides or wings ; and eventually. the â€Å"smoke† is non smoke but condensed steam. ( Fred Bullard. Vents in History ) 2. Cause-Effect Passagesconsequentlyand soas a consequenceaccordinglyfor this groundhencesosohencetherefore ExampleThe ideologist is frequently superb. Consequently some of us distrust glare when we should mistrust the ideologist. ( Clifton Fadiman )3. Comparison Transitionsby the same itemin similar modein the same mannerin similar mannersimilarlylikewise ExampleWhen you start with a portrayal and hunt for a pure signifier. a clear volume. through consecutive riddances. you arrive necessarily at the egg. Likewise. get downing with the egg and following the same procedure in contrary. one finishes with the portrayal. ( Pablo Picasso ) 4. Contrast Passagesbutneverthelessin contrastalternativelyhoweveron the contraryon the other manusstillyet ExampleEvery American. to the last adult male. lays claim to a â€Å"sense† of wit and guards it as his most important religious trait. yet rejects wit as a contaminating component wherever found. America is a state of cartoon strips and comics ; however. wit has no stature and is accepted merely after the decease of the culprit. ( E. B. White ) 5. Decision and Drumhead Passagesand soafter allat lasteventuallyin briefin shuttingin decisionon the wholeto reasonto sum up ExampleReporters are non paid to run in retrospect. Because when intelligence begins to solidify into current events and eventually harden into history. it is the narratives we didn’t write. the inquiries we didn’t inquire that prove far. far more detrimental than the 1s we did. ( Anna Quindlen ) 6. Example Passagesas an illustrationfor illustrationfor casespecificallythereforeto exemplify ExampleWith all the inventiveness involved in concealing daintinesss on the organic structure. this procedure automatically excludes certain nutrients. For illustration. a Meleagris gallopavo sandwich is welcome. but the cumbrous cantaloup vine is non. ( Steve Martin. â€Å"How to Fold Soup† ) 7. Insistence Passagesin factsonoyes ExampleThe joy of giving is so a pleasance. particularly when you get rid of something you don’t want. ( Frank Butler. Traveling My Way )8. Topographic point Passagesaboveaboardbeneathbeyondfurther alongin backin forepartnearbyon top ofto the leftto the rightunderupon ExampleWhat did it count where you lay one time you were dead? In a soiled sump or in a marble tower on top of a high hill? You were dead. you were kiping the large slumber. and you were non bothered by things like that. ( Raymond Chandler. TheLarge Sleep ) 9. Restatement Passagesin other wordsin shortin simpler footingsthat isto set it otherwiseto reiterate ExampleAnthropologist Geoffrey Gorer studied the few peaceable human folk and discovered one common feature: sex functions were non polarized. Differences of frock and business were at a lower limit. Society in other words. was non utilizing sexual blackmail as a manner of acquiring adult females to make inexpensive labour. or work forces to be aggressive. ( Gloria Steinem. â€Å"What It Would Be Like If Women Win† ) 10. Time Passagessubsequentlyat the same clippresentlyearlieronceinstantlyin the hereafterin the interimin the yesteryearsubsequentlymeanwhileantecedentlyat the same timelatersountil now ExampleAt foremost a plaything. so a manner of transit for the rich. the car was designed as man’s mechanical retainer. Later it became portion of the form of life. â€Å"Predicting Outcome†The Importance of Making PredictionsMaking anticipations is more than merely thinking what is traveling to go on next. Predicting helps pupils become actively involved in reading and helps to maintain their involvement degree high. Some of the other benefits of learning pupils to do anticipations are: * Helps pupils to inquire inquiries while they are reading * Encourages pupils to plane or re-read parts of the narrative to better understand it or to remember facts about the characters or events * Provides a manner for pupils to supervise their apprehension of the stuff As pupils learn anticipations accomplishments. they will more to the full comprehend what they have read and will retain the information for longer periods of clip. Schemes for Teaching Making Predictions For younger kids. expression at the images before reading the book. including the forepart and back screens of the book. Have pupils make anticipations on what they think the book is approximately. For older pupils. have them read the chapter rubrics or the first paragraph of a chapter and so think what will go on in the chapter. Once pupils have made anticipations. read the narrative or the chapter and after completing. reexamine the anticipations to see if they were correct. Make a anticipation diagram. A anticipation diagram has blank infinites to compose down the hints. or grounds. used to do a anticipation and a infinite to compose their anticipation. Hints can be found in images. chapter rubrics or in the text itself. A anticipation diagram helps pupils form the information they read in order to do a anticipation. Prediction diagrams can be originative. such as a diagram of a bouldery way taking to a palace ( each stone has a topographic point for a hint ) and the anticipation is written in the palace or they can be simple. with hints written on one side of a paper and the anticipation written on the other. Use magazine ads or images in a book and do anticipations about people. Students write down what they think the individual is traveling to make. what the individual is experiencing or what the individual is like. They can utilize hints such as facial look. apparels. organic structure linguistic communication and milieus. This exercising helps pupils understand how much information you can obtain from being observant and looking at everything in the image. Watch a movie and halt it portion manner through. Ask pupils to do anticipations on what will go on next. Students should be able to explicate why they made the anticipation. For illustration. â€Å"I think John is traveling to fall off his motorcycle because he is transporting a box while he is siting and his motorcycle is coggling. † This exercising helps pupils to follow the logic of the narrative to do their anticipations instead than merely do conjectures. Use â€Å"What would I make? † techniques. After reading a part of a narrative. halt and inquire the pupils to do anticipations non about the character but about themselves. What would they make in this state of affairs? How would they respond? This exercising helps pupils to utilize old cognition to do anticipations. â€Å"Identifying Sensory Image†Centripetal images are those inside informations in composing that uncover how a state of affairs is physically perceived by the storyteller or other character. Details that reference the senses — including seeing. hearing. smelling. tasting and touching — aid readers to place with the authorship by demoing. non stating. They make it easier to visualise the scene being described. Although centripetal images are valuable in any authorship. they are imperative in descriptive paragraphs. Instruction manuals Make a two-column chart with five rows. Label each block of the left column with a sense — sight. sound. odor. gustatory sensation and touch.Choose the subject of the descriptive paragraph. Sensory inside informations are normally better when used to depict something you have personally experienced. See how much you desire or are required to compose and choose a subject based on the thought about which you have the most to state. Imagine yourself in the scene. What are you seeing? List those inside informations in the right column of the sense chart. beside â€Å"sight. † What are you hearing. smelling. tasting and touching? Write that information on the chart. every bit good. beside its matching sense. Write a bill of exchange of your paragraph. integrating as many of the centripetal images as possible. Do non coerce them into the authorship. but add the inside informations as they best tantrum.Read the paragraph to look into for flow in the authorship. If the centripetal images are merely plugged into the paragraph signifier in the same order as they were written on the chart. opportunities are the sentences will non smoothly passage. Revise as necessary to better the paragraph’s organisation. Ask friends or household members to read your paragraph and state you whether or non they can visualise the scene better through your descriptions. If non. inquire them specifically what they thought you were missing. and revise your authorship. Since you know what you are seeking to depict. sometimes you don’t see what is losing from your ain authorship. Edit the paragraph for errors in spelling. grammar and punctuation. Tips A ; Warnings Although it can be hard. ever seek to include some inside informations for each of the five senses. Taste is normally the most hard. unless you are depicting a repast. so you might hold to be originative. For illustration. if you are depicting a beach holiday. you might savor the salty air.

Terrorism, Counter

Elements of the US Standard Intelligence Producers Cycle Intelligence cycle denotes all the activities that are within the intelligent cycle niche. Usually, these undertakings include processes that guarantee useful decision-making for a given information. As the name suggests, Intelligence Cycle is a set of processes that includes planning, data analysis and evaluation, and integration and information dissemination (Central Intelligence Agency 2008). The five elements of the US Standard Intelligence Producers Cycle are discussed below.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism, and Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Planning and direction Planning is the primary sphere of all that takes place within Intelligence Cycle. All the processes begin with planning, and this shapes the overall framework of all that follows. Planning leads the personnel to execute a particular job in a proced ural, programmed way that gives direction to what is needed, and that which must be achieved (Central Intelligence Agency 2008). Collection Intelligence Cycle personnel collect information by any means necessary from all the sources available. The personnel rely on the information found from newspapers, magazines, television, and radio broadcasts. Other pieces of information are usually attained by means of secret recording devices that help to authenticate their sources. Pictures taken by CCTV and satellites are usually part of this process. Processing The personnel rely on the information collected so that it can be processed for interpretation. It is usually upon interpretation that the information can gain access and form part of the Intelligence Report. The personnel usually document or encrypt the information for evaluation and analysis. Analysis and production Here, the personnel consider the information so far achieved and determine its compatibility while considering the ke y policy issues inherent within. The personnel assess any eventuality that could be attached to a particular piece of information or that might affect the US public interest in one way or the other. Dissemination Dissemination is usually the final step where the personnel give their final documented analysis and forward it to a policy maker. Dissemination follows analysis where learning outcomes of the original question are decoded, after which the whole process begins again for finer information synthesis. Classes of spies Sun Tzu forwarded five classes of spies include local spies, inward, converted, doomed, and surviving spies (The Internet Classics Archive 2005). Tzu opines that when these classes of spies are at work, the secret system becomes robust, and is beyond reproach.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Local spies Local spies take the services of local inhabitants of a region into consideration. The intelligence may advance its collaboration with the indigenous people in an enemy country and win the locals by kind treatments with the aim of using them as spies to volunteer fruitful information. Inward spies Inward spies consider the services of officials in the enemy region by luring them to volunteer valuable information within their system. Usually, worthy officials who have fallen out with the system are very formidable individuals to engage because they may feel aggrieved, and would naturally augur well to play a role in the enemy court. Converted spies Intelligence may seek to convert enemy spies to play on their side while volunteering very insightful information since they are within the system. The intelligence, according to Lieberman (2012, p. 22), has a duty to win over these individuals by any means necessary including bribes and liberal promises capable of detaching them from the enemy side. It also involves inducing them to relay f alse information to the system they work for to weaken the enemy (The Internet Classics Archive 2005). Doomed spies This category involves a lot of deception to hoodwink the enemy side by orchestrating stage-managed acts to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy side. The intelligence, therefore, capitalises on their weaknesses to deal with the enemy a big blow. Surviving spies This category consists of individuals attached to the enemy side to volunteer valuable information, which is usually confined within the system. Such individuals must be of keen intellect, though outwardly presumed as fools but with passion and commitment to deliver their presumed system to the enemy. The difference between ‘Covert Action’ (CA) and ‘Clandestine Operations’ (CO) Each of these actions entails a planned, coordinated, and well-executed operation that seeks to conceal the identity of the sponsors or nature of the operation (Daugherty 2004, p. 25). They have a ne t political effect with a possible ramification in the police force, the military, or the intelligence service. Covert Actions undertake their operations surreptitiously without necessarily revealing their sponsors to that effect while Clandestine Operations strive to conceal the nature of the operation (Daugherty 2004, p. 30). However, Covert Action and Clandestine Operations, according to Stone and Williams (2015, p. 7), are distinct in their own separate ways. While Covert Action (CA) emphasises on the concealment of the identity of the sponsor of the operation, Clandestine Operations (CO) instead has information on its actions or operations concealed. Moreover, while clandestine seeks to mystify its operations, covert seeks to deny its operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism, and Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clandestine operation, therefore, differs from cove rt action due to its emphasis on concealing the details of the operation while covert action seeks to obscure the identity of the sponsor (Stone Williams 2015, p. 10). The killing of Osama Bin Laden falls under clandestine operation since the emphasis was placed on concealing the details of the operation while the sponsors were known to be the US Government. In the operation that eliminated Bin Laden, the operations of the Seal Team Six were not revealed even after the successful killing of Osama. The three main forms of ethics discussed in weeks 10 and 11 Ethical and moral intelligence seeks to nurture principles of just intelligence by creating theories capable of answering many ethical concerns while emphasising on the classical metaphysical laws developed over the years. No clear theory seems to conjoin community intelligence studies to the just war theory as provided for in the military ethics. The three main forms of ethics discussed in weeks 10 and 11 consist of fundamental freedoms, rights, and utilitarianism. Utilitarianism, as Lyons (2011) notes, defines the priorities of principles and explore whether such principles conflict with those of others in practice or not. Under utilitarianism, rights and freedoms ideologies are applicable as a single comprehensive concept of justice that assents to fairness and equal treatment for all without seeking to put individual interest above all others in any way. These ethical principles are applicable in a broad spectrum and significance in ensuring that the law does not apply by default to certain individuals.  These ethics, therefore, present the image of justice and equity concept that aim at political liberalism among individuals and within their societies without necessarily infringing on others’ freedoms or liberties. As Richardson (2011) notes, intelligence’s concept of justice as fairness envisages a society of free citizens with equal rights whose main desire is to work in harmony withi n a democratic and free economic system. Intelligence account of fair and equal treatment for all is a version of political liberalism that concerns the legitimate application of political power in an egalitarian (Taylor 2008, p. 72). As noted herein, intelligence’s pedagogy of fair and equal treatment for all is a demonstration of how enduring unity is achievable even under the multifaceted worldviews that democratic institutions are capable of offering (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2007). The security of any person at any given moment is not subject to bargain. When the security of a society is compromised, individuals live in peril and fear of being victimised by circumstances. Security brings forth life, happiness, and abundance that makes man complete.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since everything depends on it, a society will always pursue security for its people to thrive. Intelligence’s seeks to strengthen the laws of principles that embody the foundations of fair and equal treatment for all. The principle, to open-minded foreign policy that it seeks to mould aims at explaining how a peaceful and tolerant societal order could be productive in developing individuals regardless of their religious creeds or political affiliations. Individuals with a utilitarian mind-set naturally agree that all that is good is by virtue of utility, which in turn points to an individual’s welfare and societal wellbeing (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2012). The concept of security delves much on basic common good, and holds that the wellbeing of individuals consists of preference while specifying right action when it comes to satisfying and justifying such preferences. Notably, fair and equal treatment for all suffices as the best alternative in building str ong institutions. Usually, individuals’ welfare consists of community, happiness, wealth, self-development, and self-worth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2013). Accordingly, each of these elements is either a means to concomitant or preference, and this linkage with preference make individuals accountable as part of the society. Given the absurd nature of the difficulty in gauging individuals, White (2012) opines that this association with preference makes utilitarian account for fair and equal treatment of all formidable choices in building stronger communities. Intelligence concept in these presumptions presupposes a hypothetical action where all individuals have the capacity to explore their lifelong sought after dreams since by its very nature of equal opportunities individuals are limitless in their lives. The just war theorists hold that resorting to war is not necessarily to counter aggression, but simply as a last resort. While critics of the just war theory hol d that the concept of war as a last resort would not recognise any type of war as just. Ideally, there can never be factual attempts to avoid war, especially in the face of such extreme aggression. Under these schemes of things, Hinnebusch (2007, p. 13) notes that after all reasonable attempts have been made to reach out to the warring forces, it would be reasonable to employ the rival force capable of ending the conflict. The only problem perhaps is to decide who is entrusted with the making of such a decision. However, once this decision is reached, questions abound whether all the possibilities to avoid war might have been met or not will always suffice. The war on terrorism in particular has raised such concerns. It is because of such considerations that Washington attempted to reach out to the Arab world severally (Lieberfeld 2005, p. 16). Given the prospects of a terror network such as Al-Qaeda, it would be a waste of time extending diplomatic ties to resolve the conflict dipl omatically, hence the inclination to apply force in pursuing its perpetrates. Under the just war theory, acts of vengeance cannot be committed to humanity while the rest of the world watch. For example, in the case of Iraq’s aggression in Kuwait, someone had to come and assist. Naturally, the just war theory holds that an ally of a country under attack is justified to intervene and even join forces should conditions file past the morally and ethically inexcusable baseline. Therefore, the basis of US’s joining the war was in the spirit of redeeming the plight of humanity, which readily qualifies the intervening state as just in its action (Office of the Historian 2013). While opponents of the just war theory hold views that are contrary, especially in light of the humanitarian crisis it may pose. However, the final determinant of war depends on who argues his points best under the very theory of the just war. Considerable accusations directed to the US at its hypocrisy in fighting terrorism are purely baseless and impractical. The war against terrorism does not only pass out as a moral victory for the American people, but also for the entire world population. Clearly, it is a proof of America’s decency to the use of power proportionately. Besides, it is a demonstration that with the US as the world’s military power and intelligence might, all nations are protected against aggressors and transgressors such as Osama Bin Laden whose extremism ideologies were increasingly making the world more insecure. References Central Intelligence Agency 2008, The 2008 CIA World Factbook by United States. Web. Daugherty, J 2004, Executive Secrets: Coved the Presidency, University of Kentucky Press, Lexington, Kentucky. Hinnebusch, R 2007, ‘The American invasion of Iraq: Causes and consequences’, Perceptions, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9-27. Lieberfeld, D 2005, ‘Theories of conflict, and the Iraq war’, International Journal of Peace Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1-21. Lieberman, J 2012, Liberalism undressed, Oxford University Press, New York. Lyons, D 2011, Forms and limits of utilitarianism, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Office of the Historian 2013, Milestones, 1989-1992: The Gulf War, 1991. Web. Richardson, H 2011, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: John Rawls (1921-2002). Web. Taylor, R 2008, Reconstructing Rawls: The Kantian foundations of justice as fairness, Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2007, Equality. Web. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2012, John Rawls. Web. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2013, Distributive Justice. Web. Stone, C Williams, R 2015, All Necessary Means: Employing CIA operatives in a Warfighting Role alongside Special Operations Forces, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, New York. The Internet Classics Archive 2005, The Art of War – Sun Zi XIII. Web. White, J 2012, Political philosophy: A historical i ntroduction, Oxford University Press, New York. This essay on Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism, and Intelligence was written and submitted by user Mar1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Coffee and Starbucks Essays

Coffee and Starbucks Essays Coffee and Starbucks Paper Coffee and Starbucks Paper Starbucks: The best coffee, for the best YOU. Marketing Assignment DT398/1 Lecturer: Dr Daire Hooper Student: Tatiana Petruskova student NO. : 3337431 1. 0 Table of contents 2. 0 Introduction 3. 0 Current marketing situation 2 3 3. 1 Starbuckss current position in global markets 3. 2 Main competitors 4. 0 Environmental factors 4. 1 Micro Environment 4. 1. 1 Main Competitors 4. 1. 2 Customers 4. 1. 3 Suppliers 4. 2 Macro Environment 4. 2. 1 Economic Factors 4. 2. 2 Technological Factors 4. 2. 3 Political Factors 5. 0 SWOT analysts 5. 1 Strengths 5. 2 Weaknesses 5. 3 Opportunities 5. Threats 6. 7. 0 8. 0 9. 0 10. 0 11. 0 12. 0 2. 0 Product and Branding Strategies Pricing Strategies Promotional Strategies Distribution Channels Summary Conclusion References Introduction 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 The first Starbucks opened in 1971 by three partners: Jerry Baldwin, Gordon Bowker and Zev Siegl. The whole company was back then only a single store in Seattles historic Pike Place Market. Under the lea dership of Howard Schultz, President and CEO, the company has not only grown in the United States but world-wide expansion has been spectacular (Forbes 2013). Today, Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse erve hot and cold beverages, whole bean and microground instant coffee, full-leaf teas, pastries and snacks. Starbucks verifies the social and environmental performance of all manufactured products that end up in their stores. By the end of fiscal 2009, Starbucks had assessed the performance of over 114 factories around the world and assisted in over 37 performance improvement programmes (Starbucks). 3. 0 Current Marketing Situation Starbucks continues to expand overseas and most of the new additions will be in Asia Pacific and Chinas regions. China will be a key part of its global expansion as the ompany looks to grow the store count in the nation to 1,500 by the end of 201 5 (Forbes 2013). Starbucks utilises license agreements, strategic partnerships, and many other business activities and agreements. Starbucks latest acquisition of La Boulange and Evolution Fresh play some role in the companys growth as there is more food for breakfast and lunch including more baked goods coming soon. Starbucks also agreed to purchase tea retailer Teavana Holdings Inc. for $620 million. It is its largest acquisition to date. When it comes to buying, Starbucks is well known for its commitment to quality products. The company increased their purchases to 40 million pounds, making it the largest purchaser of the Fair Trade Certified coffee in the world (Starbucks Corporation). 3. 1 Starbucks current position in the world market A recent survey by American Express/SAP ranks Starbucks 49th among the Top 100 global retailers (Forbes 2013). Starbucks Corp. raised its profit forecast for the current fiscal year after sales in its top market U. S. topped expectations. The company set its new earnings per share forecast for fiscal 2013 at $2. 06 to $2. 15, up from $2. 04 to $2. 14 per share, previously. It also raised its target for global net new stores to 1,300 from 1,200 on accelerated expansion plans for China. 3. 2 Starbucks and its main competitors Starbucks primary competitors are quick-service restaurants and specialty coffee shop. Starbucks major competitors are Dunkin Donuts and McDonalds. McDonalds recently introduced McCafe campaign in which it sells coffee beverages at a slight discount to Starbucks. McDonalds priced their drinks between $1. 9 and $3. 29. By comparison, Starbucks comparable drink versions were priced between $2. 65 and $4. 15, a premium of approximately one-third. Dunkin Donuts uses its donuts and the est of their menu as the attraction. By 2006, Dunkin Donuts was the top selling retailer of coffee-by-the-cup in America at 2. 7 million cups a day, close to one billion cups a year (Dunkin Donuts, Press Release 2006). 4. 0 Environmental factors 4. 1 Micro environment The following section of this deals with some of the main factors within the Starbucks companies micro environment. More specifically, the following headings will be explored: 1. Main Competitors 2. Customers 3. Suppliers quality, service, suitability, and price. Although Starbucks faces significant competition in the markets, it is still ahead of its competitors. Starbucks main target market is men and women aged 25 to 40. They account for Just about half (49%) of its total business. Starbucks attract this particular age group through hip, contemporary design that is compliant in its advertising and decor and working to keep its products current as status symbols. Customers are likely to be urbanites with moderately high income and professional careers. Another 40% of Starbucks sales are creating young adults, aged 18 to 24. To appeal to this age group, Starbucks positions itself in colleges where students can hang out, and also appeals o them through technology focusing on social networking where it is actively producing a cool image. Aside from extraordinary coffee, Starbucks has made a business out of human connections, community involvement and the celebration of cultures. (Starbucks) Starbucks is seeking for diverse-owned businesses to purchase from. In addition to their buying practices, they support supplier diversity outreach projects sponsored by various organizations such as: The National Minority Supplier Development Council and the Womens Business Enterprise National Council. These projects nclude opportunity fairs, business development roundtables and supplier development projects. The Supplier Diversity helps to identify and deliver high- quality products and services. Starbucks is committed in creating a workplace that values and respects workers from diverse backgrounds. The company works with overseas suppliers to maintain a workplace that does not abuse workers. Therefore African farm groups selling coffee beans are getting more valued, they are paid better wages including benefits and are provided with resources that help to lower the cost of production, reduce fungus infections and increase the production of remium coffee. 4. 2 Macro Environement This section will examine some of the key Macro Environmental factors that face Heineken. More specifically, the following subjects will be discussed: 1. Economic Factors 2. Technological Factors 3. Political Factors As stated by Kotler and Armstrong (2010, p. 106), technological advances are possibly the strongest forces affecting current marketing strategies. The explosion of social media and the emergence of innovative technology in the last decade has seen new companies. Some of Starbucks uses of technology to market its product are as follows: 1 . Starbucks continuously uploads pictures and statuses on sites such as facebook, Instagram, twitter and pinterest, where most of the people in todays world have daily access to. . The introduction of Starbucks card had improved customer service. 3. Starbucks launched a free nationwide mobile payment app. 4. The free, unlimited Wi-Fi in the stores serves as makeshift office and a meeting place. 5. Starbucks has its own official website, where you can see the menu, purchase gifts, read about all the information of their products and Starbucks contribution to the environement as well as the ethical sourcing. Y ou can also top up our Starbucks card online. There have also been technological developments in agriculture. Agricultural technology has been a primary factor contributing to increases in farm productivity in developing countries. Although there is still widespread food insecurity, the situation without current technology development would have been inconceivable. Food prices are lower because of technology, but the benefits between consumers and producers depend on the nature of the local economy and trade patterns. Political factors that affect Starbucks include the level of stability within the countries in which Starbucks buy its coffee from. They get their coffee beans from countries all around the world in which some countries have a lot of natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis and wars. These natural disasters can affect Starbucks business because the countries will not be able to supply them with any of the coffee beans and they will have no coffee to sell. Starbucks also claims to be environmentally friendly, so they have to consider how to protect the brand aspect in everything they do. Another very important factor is the relationships between the countries between which the exchange of products is taking place. . 0 SWOT Analysts 1 . Commitment to quality 2. Large expansion worldwide 3. Ethical sourcing 4. Largest coffeehouse chain in the world 5. Supporting farmers and their communities 5. 2 Weakness 1. Product pricing 2. Negative publicity 3. Coffee beans price is the major influence over firms profits 5. 3 1. Increase in product variety 2. International expansion of retail operations 3. Technological adva ncements 4. Joint ventures Opportunities 1 . Competitors with similar offerings at lower cost 2. Rising prices in coffee beans and dairy products 3. Trademark infringement 4. Emergence of new competitors Products and branding strategy According to Louis E. Boone and David L. Kurtz (2010, p. 379) marketers recognize the powerful influence products and product lines have on customer behaviour and they work to create strong identities for their product and protect them. Branding is the process of creating that identity. Pricing Strategy Starbucks is the leader of the coffee market. As a distinct company, it controls a number of times more market share than any of its competitors. Starbucks sets its costs on a simple idea: high value at moderate cost. When people feel like they are getting a good deal for their money, they are more likely to pay a higher cost. Quality is the key. Sometimes when Starbucks introduces new products at higher cost, the costumers are willing to pay the extra money because they relate the Starbucks name with high quality. Although the risk still exists that more customers will prefer the lower-priced items, by presenting higher-priced items alongside lower-cost substitutes, Starbucks is mitigating the higher price through comparison. . 0 Promotional Strategies Starbucks has a strong presence on a number of social networks. When it comes to engaging its customers, Starbucks has definitely set a high bar. Instead of only ocusing their effort on new costumers, it cultivates its current ones. Whenever Starbucks takes a photo, it shares it on Instagram, twitter, facebook or pinterest. Promotion through networking is more valuable, as the world becomes more digitally concentrated. A proof its success can be seen on Facebook, where Starbucks has already over 35,5 million likes and the numbers are keep going up. Starbucks also increased their advertising in radios, televisions and billboards from 1. 4% to 3% by 2009. Starbucks uses push-pull strategy : Push tactics are taking the product to the costumer. Pull tactics are getting the ostumer to come to you. 9. 0 Distribution Channels Kotler and Armstrong (2013) describe a distribution channel to be a set of consumption by the consumer or business user. Moon and Quelch (2004) outline that Starbucks sold coffee products through non-company operated retail channels. These Specialty Operations accounted for of net revenues. About 27% of these revenues came from North America food-service accounts, that is sales of whole- bean and ground coffees to hotels, airlines and restaurants. Another 18% came from domestic retail store licences. The remaining 55% of specialty revenues came from a ariety of sources, including international licensed stores, grocery stores and warehouses clubs, online and mail-order sales. Starbucks also had a Joint venture with Pepsi-Cola to distribute Frappuccino beverages, as well as partnership with Dreyers Grand Ice Cream to develop and distribute a line of premium ice creams. 0. 0 Summary This report has looked at Starbucks, both as a brand and as an international manufacturer. It has investigated the methods of marketing that Starbucks uses to develop and promote, and also to distribute and sell its brands. Through comparisons with Starbucks main competitors, the companies standing in the arket place has been explained. 1 1. 0 Conclusion To conclude, this report has discovered that Starbuck has improved its brand profile by advertising and promoting itself. It has reached many new markets through a history of business partnerships and acquisitions. The company uses these acquisitions to market and distribute its core Starbucks brand. Our financial analysis has shown that Starbucks has an undervalued market price. This along with a promising expected return, and positive projections for future growth provide us reason to believe that it will undoubtedly add value to our current portfolio. 12. References Starbucks Corporations. Retrieved from starbucks. ie/about-us/our-heritage starbucks. ie/responsibility/sourcing/store-products Forbes (2013, January 1). Starbucks: Global Coffee Giant Has New Growth Plans. Retrieved from http:// www. forbes. com/sites/walterloeb/2013/01131 /starbucks- global-coffee- has- new- growth-plans/ Trefls (2013, July 23) Starbucks U. S. Growth Will Remain Solid While articles/196246/starb ucks- u-s- growth-will- remain-solid-while-overseas-expans ion- continues/2013-07-23 Seaford B. , Culp R. , Brooks B. (2012). Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies Vol. 18 Issue 3, p39-57. Starbucks: Maintaining a clear position. Starbucks. Starbucks environmenal factors. Retrieved from starbucks. ie/responsibility/environment Boone, L. E. Kurtz, D. L. (2010, p. 379) Contemporary Marketing. Natorp Boulevard Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2013, p. 355). Principles of Marketing (6th ed. ). Moon Y. , Quelch J. (2004). Starbucks: Delivery Customer Service. HBS No. 9-504-016, Harvard Business School Publishing. Moskowitz M. , (2001). Business Society Review. Company Performance Roundup, Issue 95, p73

Bang & Olufson Marketing Analysis

Bang Olufson Marketing Analysis The aim of this report is to critically assess the marketing strategies of â€Å"Bang & Olufsen† considering their business in United Kingdom. It comments on the B2B and B2C products in brief. The report comments on the following: The macro business environment Organisation’s Marketing Mix Organisation’s segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies. Based on the findings and observations, some recommendations are put forth at the end of the report. Company Background Bang & Olufsen manufactures a highly distinctive and exclusive range of televisions, music systems, loudspeakers, telephones, and multimedia products that combine technological excellence with emotional appeal. Founded in 1925, by â€Å"Peter Bang†Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Svend Olufsen† in Struer, Denmark, Bang & Olufsen a/s is world renowned for its distinctive range of quality audio, video and multimedia products that represent their vision: â€Å"Courage to consta ntly question the ordinary in search of surprising, long-lasting experiences†. Bang & Olufsen employs over 2,550 staff members and had a turnover of DKK 4,092 million (EUR 5486 million) in the 2007/2008 financial year. (Bang & Olufsen) The Macro Business Environment Most of the B&O products are manufactured in Denmark. Considering the business in UK, it has to understand the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological environment in UK. Since Denmark and UK are the members of European Union (EU), there are some advantages for the organisation. Political The European Union (EU) allows the free movement of goods and services between almost 500 million consumers in 27 EU member states. Due to this, import duty is not payable on goods sourced from Denmark, being one of the EU member states. (Business Link UK) There could be changes in the VAT and service taxation policies with the formation of new government. Economic The economic crisis and recession had affected the bu siness of B&O as people and businesses are more likely to hold on to their cash and not to spend it on high priced consumer goods. Due to the fall in share prices and real estate markets, the consumers of the high end products, like B&O, will be less likely to spend as earlier. Another economic factor faced by the B&O is currency exchange rates. As large part of the products produced in Denmark and with the Danish Krone (DKK) pegged to Euro, devaluation of GBP to the Euro has affected sales in UK which is one of the largest markets of the company. Socio-cultural B&O has adopted the philosophy of Danish Design, which is renowned for its high class design and quality. The products of this class are considered as status symbols and products of pride. Technological Competitors like Bose, Loewe who are also known for their design, quality with the high prices are coming up with new products with the same functionalities as B&O with equal or slightly lower prices. Due to the advancements in the technology, components are getting cheaper which may help companies like Sony, Samsung etc. with range of products in various qualities, targeting customers spanning across price conscious segments to quality focused segments. Legal The company has to ensure the protection of the trademarks of the brand. The logos and other trademarks should be registered in UK.

Questiona and Answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questiona and Answer - Essay Example Illustrators also often resort to research in the early stages of the illustrative process. They usually do background research of the elements involved in the story and deeply understand them in order to better tell the story in picture. The next procedure would be the storyboards, design and layout, where the illustrator arranges the sequence and the blending of the text and the illustrations in order to have the most potent story-telling effect and to highlight and emphasize certain parts where highlighting is needed. Ansty & Bull (2000) noted that the illustrative process is rather full of interaction from many people along the way, and not only isolated to the illustrator. He consults among many individuals and are also critiqued and constructively evaluated by others before the final output is done. This step is essential especially with the involvement of an editor wherein he knows what might be good or what might be detrimental in the ultimate goal of the story, which is to sell. Going back to the illustrator, it is important to consider how he views and is aware of his target audience for the illustrations. He must be sensitive to the orientation of the readers and on how he portrays them or how he expresses it to them in a manner appropriate. 1. The illustrative process is likened to the writing process because of the way it does not follow strict guidelines and sequences of stages in order to make the desired outcome, but they nonetheless adhere to the same overall process. Writing is the ability to articulate to share and influence the thoughts with others (The Writing Process, 2007), in like manner, illustrating is not so far off in that concept. 2. In writing a story board, first, one needs to consider the message that is the overall concept in the story. In this case, in the story of Cinderalla, it’s about

Globlisation and forgen direct investment Essay

Globlisation and forgen direct investment - Essay Example According to Encyclopaedia Britannica globalization is the course through which the understanding of day to day life is becoming harmonized all over the globe. (King, 126) In economics, a wide description is that globalization is the union of prices, wages, products, profits and rates of interest in synchronization with developed nation norms. Globalization of the financial system depends on the position of international business, human migration, incorporation of pecuniary markets, and mobility of capital. The International Monetary Fund observes the increasing financial interdependence of countries all over the world through rising quantity and multiplicity of cross-border dealings, gratis international capital flow, and comparatively faster and extensive dissemination of technology. Theodore is more often than not attributed with globalization's initial utilization in an economic perspective. (Kar, 145) Globalization in the period from the time after World War II has been driven by improvement in technology which has declined the expenses of trade, and business arbitration rounds, initially under the sponsorship of GATT, which led to a succession of concords to do away with restrictions on gratis deals. Given that the end of World War II, after the arrival of the United Nations and the Bretton Woods institutions, there has been a sudden increase in the attainment and influence of Multinational corporations and the fast expansion of global civil society. (Border, 227-228) There are disagreements between media conglomerates, among various nations-states and speed and character of technical growth might facilitate in approaching one or another way out. While there is a measure of globalisation, its speed and direction is variably contested. The nation-state continues to keep hold of most of its authority, but it requires unfolding them and implementing them in innovative ways, if it d esires to fulfil defies of global forces and global actors. For instance in a global structure of governance the perception of sovereignty is becoming a much more expandable and absorbent one. Sovereignty requires be sharing, passing to global with local bodies. It is put into effect by states in combination with local and supranational bodies. (Fletcher, 188) This does not essentially signify that globalisation is deterioration the power of nation-states. However it does imply that this authority, in turn to be effectual, has to be transformed and reorganized. And this is to a degree already taking place. According to some, for instance, certain international institutions are in reality best implicit as a response to global forces or better as a reemphasize in a dynamic method of the authorities of nations. Thus for transformationalists the particular forms followed by globalisation are not predictable. (Lamb, 243-245) Detractors of the economic issues of globalization challenge that it is not an unalterable procedure which flows logically from the economic requirements of every person, as its supporters naturally argue. The opponents generally accentuate that globalization is a course that is arbitrated in accordance with the commercial benefits, and naturally elevate the prospect of

Impact of Foreign Banks on Banking in Emerging Economies Essay Example for Free

Impact of Foreign Banks on Banking in Emerging Economies Essay Increased technology and innovation International banking in emerging–market have some advantages from the technology and innovation. The advanced technology and innovation system could even surpass the conventional technology and innovation. For example, they could improve productivity, increase in market and increase the competition and so on . Innovations in customer experience and superior customer service delivery, network integration. (Infosys 2000). For example, the internet and computer system have a useful communication system to connect the consumer and bank. In daily life, customer often use the mobile phone, computer transfer the money. At the same time, innovation and technology is a lower cost of the banking system in the emerging market. The increased technology and innovation in emerging market may help the banking system make a clear communication for their employee, shareholder and consumer. As a result, banks in emerging markets are leapfrogging their rich-world rivals in efficiency, technology and innovation (special report international banking 2011). Increased liquidity and solvency Comparing with the local banking system, the foreign banks on banking in emerging market have different kind of comparative advantage. The reason is emerging market allow foreign bank entry to local market. This is lead to the higher liquidity and solvency. Foreign direct investment is a useful fund source for local market. At the same time, the foreign banks also have important roles which represent a borrower. For example, foreign banks have an enough capital base and asset. Foreign banks have played a major role in financing emerging market (EMEs) in recent year. Increased liquidity and solvency has helped emerging markets to develop their economies and allocate capital and financial know-how efficiently across countries (Agustà ­n Villar ) Disadvantage Complex global policies and challenges international banking There are some negative factors occur in global banks in emerging economies. One of the important factors is complex global policies. For example, the foreign banks are an extension of parent bank which sent to managers to overseas. Different banking system has different policies. Meanwhile, the government also comes up with stricter policies. As a result, foreign banks should face a lot of complicated policies in emerging market. The collapse of Barings was a demonstration of how different countries supervisors are failing to communicate with each other.( the economist 1997). This opinion shows that the international banking in emerging market should have a closer supervisor.

Imagery within the Tragedy Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Imagery within the Tragedy Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The grand variety of imagery in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello serves many purposes. Let us in this paper consider the types and purposes of the imagery.    In her book, Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the imagery of darkness and how it supports the evil schemes of the ancient:    Just now, however, as we listen to his plans evolve, the darkness seems chiefly to be Iago’s element. In the darkness of this Venetian street, he moves to disrupt Othello’s marriage if he can. Later, in the darkness of a street in Cyprus, he will close his trap on Cassio, involving him in a scuffle that will cost him his lieutenancy. Still later, in the dark island outpost, he will set Roderigo to ambush Cassio, and so (he hopes) be rid of both. Simultaneously, in a darkness that he has insinuated into Othello’s mind, Desdemona will be strangled. (134)    The vulgar imagery of the ancient dominate the opening of the play. Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† describes the types of imagery used by the antagonist when he â€Å"slips his mask aside† while awakening Brabantio:    Iago is letting loose the wicked passion inside him, as he does from time to time throughout the play, when he slips his mask aside. At such moments he always resorts to this imagery of money-bags, treachery, and animal lust and violence. So he expresses his own faithless, envious spirit, and, by the same token, his vision of the populous city of Venice – Iago’s â€Å"world,† as it has been called. . . .(132)    Standing outside the senator’s home late at night, Iago uses imagery within a lie to arouse the occupant: â€Å" Awake! w... ...s, copulating horses and sheep, serpents, and toads; other images, more wide-ranging in scope, include green-eyed monsters, devils, blackness, poisons, money purses, tarnished jewels, music untuned, and light extinguished. (217)    WORKS CITED    Bevington, David, ed. William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies. New York: Bantam Books, 1980.    Ferguson, Francis. â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

World War One Germany Essay

After World War One German had to confront serious jobs. such as the Treaty of Versailles. disfavor of the weak and unpopular Weimar Government. serious economic jobs of rising prices and unemployment in the early 1920s and once more after 1929 and the Great Depression. Furthermore. fright and concern about the rise of communism with work stoppages and rebellions. Hitler used powerful persuasion techniques such as propaganda and in other circumstance aggression and force to extinguish his oppositions. therefore helping him to go a totalitarian dictator. This essay will discus the Treaty of Versailles. disfavor of the authorities and economic jobs and besides fright of communism and the techniques Hitler used to derive power. Basically. why the Germans were so angry about the pact of Versailles. A pact is an understanding which sorts out penalties. land boundaries and could be designed to forestall future war. After the First World War. a pact had to be made to penalize Germany. This had to be done as Germany had lost the war and had signed the Armistice on 11th November 1918 by the new German authorities. The Paris peace conference foremost met in January 1919. It was its occupation to compose the pact of Versailles. At this peace. conference there was a representative from America. France and Great Britain. Germany was non allowed to house a representative as the Allies knew that they were traveling to penalize Germany. so there was no point holding a representative merely so they can reason their instance. President Woodrow Wilson represented America and he wanted the Treaty of Versailles to be based on his fourteen-point program. This did non take to penalize Germany but aimed to forestall future war. He did non desire to penalize Germany as merely 116. 000 American soldiers died. This is as they merely entered the war in the last twelvemonth. Besides their land was non damaged as conflicts were fought in Europe. The war attempt besides did non be them much financially. This once more was because America had entered the war in the last twelvemonth. Their president Georges Clemencea u represented France and he wanted to penalize Germany as much of their land was damaged as many conflicts were fought at that place. In add-on. 1. 500. 000 Gallic soldiers died. Great Britain were represented by their Prime curate Lloyd George. He wanted to penalize Germany as 1. 000. 000 British soldiers had died and the war attempt had cost Britain a batch financially. The pact of Versailles was signed on 28th June 1919. Germany had no pick but to subscribe. This was as if they did non subscribe it would ensue in war. which Germany could non afford to make. America did non give their formal consent to the pact and subsequently signed a separate pact with Germany ( pact of Berlin on July 2nd 1921 ) . The Germans were so angry about the pact of Versailles. because they thought that as the war was lost they would be punished and be in peace. This nevertheless did non go on. Germany was at peace with other states but it was a dictate ( determined peace ) . This meant that the Alliess were still in control of the state of affairs. This would oppress German pride. This is as it gives the feeling that they are under co ntrol by another state. They might every bit good be portion of person else’s imperium. Again. the fact of authorities propaganda comes up. The populace likely thought that they could be ordering the peace alternatively of being under control. Another specific country. in which Germany was punished by the pact of Versailles. was their military loss. Germany was punished in footings of fring out militarily a batch. This essay will merely pick out two points to assist associate to the sum of penalty. First. the German ground forces was restricted to merely a 100 1000 soldiers. In add-on. Germany was non allowed to hold an air force. Both these points meant that Germany were really vulnerable to assail. This helped the Alliess. as they knew that Germany would non be able to establish a successful onslaught on a state. Besides they knew that they could easy assail Germany if they needed to. Another pieces of grounds proposing a dictate. Besides holding a little ground forces dented Germany’s pride . We know that Germany like to hold a large ground forces as one of the major long term causes of the first universe war was the weaponries race between Britain and Germany. There would besides be a batch more unemployment in Germany. This meant fewer taxpayers. which would non lend to the reparations that Germany had to pay. The authorities may besides hold to raise the revenue enhancements doing the authorities less popular with the people. Another specific country in which Germany lost out is territorially. Germany lost many topographic points to other states due to the footings and conditions laid out by the pact of Versailles. Firstly. Germany lost 13 % of its overall land to other states. This would do a job and do the Germans unhappy. as they would be less powerful. In add-on. Germany lost a batch of their industry. This is every bit many of their most productive countries of excavation were taken off. for illustration the Saar coalfields. Wholly. Germany lost 16 % of their entire industry. One of the countries lost was Alsace – Lorraine that was home to many German people. Not all of this would assist Germany financially or in footings of the military. They would free out financially as they would free their income from the industrial parts lost. Besides they would lose the revenue enhancem ents that would hold been paid by citizen life in other states which belonged to Germany. They would free out in footings of the military. as they could non trust on citizens from other states to contend for them. Wholly. Germany lost 6 million people. Another facet of penalty that was laid out by the pact of Versailles was that Germany had to pay reparations. The figure was set at around 100. 000. 000. 000 Markss. With all the losingss Germany had suffered people began to inquire the inquiry if Germany could afford. The people would be unhappy through high revenue enhancements. Germany had lost many of their industrial states and there was high unemployment. This did non assist Germany financially. There were no revenue enhancements from other states so Germany was worse off. The German would experience peculiarly humiliated and angry through this point as they felt that they alone were non responsible for all the costs of the war attempt. In add-on. they would be under changeless humiliation. as they would ever experience. as they owe something. They besides would non hold a opportunity for their economic system to turn. as they couldn’t invest. This would dent their pride as they would non be known as a powerful state. Germany was really severely affected by the depression and since 1929 ; unemployment had been on the rise. By Ja nuary 1933 the unemployment figure in Germany had risen to 6. 100. 000. bing concerns were making really severely and homelessness and poorness had become really common amongst immature people. Taxs were raised and unemployment benefits were cut. The government’s failure to cover with the depression left the Nazis with a really defeated state. particularly the business communities. workers. immature people and husbandmans ( who had been making severely since 1925. ) The economic crisis allowed Hitler and the Nazis to come in Germany’s political scene. which is what they had antecedently been seeking to make. If it hadn’t have been for this awful economic crisis so Germany would likely still have been making moderately good under Gustav Stresemann’s leading and the Germans would hold had no demand to re-consider re-electing Stresemann. The Depression helped the Nazis addition much needed support because it meant that Weimar authorities was making severely. The outlook of Germany were no longer being met by the authorities. which meant that the Germans had to re-consider who they were traveling to vote for at the following election. This means that the two grounds ( The Depression and Weimar ) are li nked closely. because it was Weimar’s failure to cover with the depression that allowed the Nazis to prehend their chance and set their new. more peaceable and caring attack into action. In November 1917. the world’s first communist authorities set up in Russia USSR. Many socialist and Communist in German supported the thought of Communism distributing to German. In November 1918. Germany was dislocated and discontent. In add-on. Communists sparticists began an extreme and violent effort to subvert the new Weimar authorities. Soldiers and crewmans were in rebellion. Finally. in January 1919. exsoldiers ( the free Corps ) violently put down the communism rebellion and the sparticist leaders were murdered. In March 1919. more public violences occurred and work stoppages by Communists in Berlin began. In early 1919. the socialist leader Kurt Eisher was shot by a right wing extremist in Bavaria and it seemed to German people that they were earnestly threatened by Communist violent. Communism became more utmost and set up a Soviet manner democracy. In maintaining with Communist philosophy. they took money and belongings from rich people and redistributed them to the workers. After the Red Communist Army was set up. the Weimar authorities sent in the free Corps military personnels to beleaguer Munich. Six hundred Communists and protagonists were ki lled. Communist workers started work stoppage and they set up a Communist ground forces of 50 50. 000 members. Again. the free Corps moved in and killed 2000 workers. Therefore. there was tonss of grounds that shows that Communism was a violent and existent menace in German. Besides many people feared and resented Communism and wanted a strong party or leader to stand up to the Communist and extinguish Communism in German. Propaganda was an of import tool used by both Germany and Russia. Hitler appointed a adult male by the name of Joseph Goebbles to head the Ministry of Public Enlightenment in Germany. This adult male used newspapers. magazines. and wireless to distribute Nazism. Even if a adult male bathed in ideas of discontent at place. he was bombarded with propaganda in public. and at the workplace. Banners hung from edifice. postings on about every mark or lamppost. Anyone with a leery expression on his or her face was foremost detained. and the sent to a prison cantonment. It was no longer merely desirable to be a Nazi sing the benefits like authorities contracts or being able to stand foremost in line. but necessary for employment. Russia employed much the same tactics with much more accent on fright. The signifier of propaganda that Hitler used. and was successful in utilizing. was his words. Hitler made many addresss. but the most celebrated address. was his concluding address at his test for lese majesty. In this address he gave his positions and sentiments on the events predating the test. This is an extract from his address: â€Å"†¦I aimed from the first to†¦ . go the destroyer of Marxism†¦ . The ground forces that we are constructing grows more from twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours. from hr to hr. Gentlemen. non you who will be the 1s that deliver the finding of fact over us. but that finding of fact will be given by the ageless judgement of history. which will talk out against the accusal that has been made against us†¦ . That tribunal will judge us†¦ . as Germans ( who ) wanted merely the best for their people and their Fatherland. who fought and were willing to decease. You might merely every bit good happen us guilty a 1000 times. but the goddess of the ageless tribunal of history will smile and rupture up the gestures of the provinces lawyer and the judgement of this tribunal: for she finds us non guilty† . After Hitler gave this address. the tribunal was sympathetic towards him. he was sentenced to merely five old ages in prison for his offense. After nine months of his sentence had been served. he received word. Bing able to derive Nazi party control and addition adequate protagonists. proves that he was an efficient user of propaganda. Hitler besides had his ain curate of propaganda when he became leader of the state. This proves that Hitler was a user of propaganda. In decision. due to the grounds shown. such as the great depression. disfavor of the weak Weimar authorities. economic jobs. fright and work stoppages of the communism and successful techniques that Hitler used to derive their people support. We can see that Hitler became a powerful totalitarian dictator Sue to his development of jobs faced by Germany and her people.